Globally, at least 2.2 billion people have a near or distance vision impairment. In at least 1 billion of these cases vision impairment could have been prevented or has yet to be addressed. Among these the main conditions causing distance vision impairment or blindness are cataract (94 million), refractive error (88.4 million), age-related macular degeneration (8 million), glaucoma (7.7 million), diabetic retinopathy (3.9 million). The main condition causing near vision impairment is presbyopia (826 million).
Vision impairment poses an enormous global financial burden with an estimate annual global productivity loss of about US$ 411 billion purchasing power parity. Population growth and ageing are expected to increase the risk that more people acquire vision impairment.
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